17704692435
4.1 This classification establishes categories of hydraulic fluids which are distinguished by their response to certain standardized laboratory procedures. These procedures indicate the possible response of some environmental compartments to the introduction of the hydraulic fluid. One set of procedures measures the aerobic aquatic biodegradability (environmental persistence) of the fluids and another set of procedures estimates the acute ecotoxicity effects of the fluids.4.1.1 Although this classification includes categories for both persistence and ecotoxicity, there is no relationship between the two categories. They may be used independently of each other, that is, a hydraulic fluid can be categorized with respect to both sets of laboratory procedures, or to persistence but not ecotoxicity, or to ecotoxicity but not persistence.4.1.2 There is no relationship between the categories achieved by a hydraulic fluid for persistence and for ecotoxicity. The placing of a hydraulic fluid with regard to one set of categories has no predictive value as to its placement with regard to the other set of categories.4.2 The test procedures used to establish the categories of hydraulic fluids are laboratory standard tests and are not intended to simulate the natural environment. Definitive field studies capable of correlating test results with the actual environmental impact of hydraulic fluids are usually site specific and so are not directly applicable to this classification. Therefore, the categories established by this classification can serve only as guidance to estimate the actual impact that the hydraulic fluids might have on any particular environment.4.3 This classification can be used by producers and users of hydraulic fluids to establish a common set of references that describe some aspects of the anticipated environmental impact of hydraulic fluids which are incidental to their use.4.4 Inclusion of a hydraulic fluid in any category of this classification does not imply that the hydraulic fluid is suitable for use in any particular hydraulic system application.4.5 The composition of hydraulic fluids may change with use and any change could influence the environmental impact of a used hydraulic fluid. Therefore, the classification of a hydraulic fluid may change upon use depending on the type and extent of the use.1.1 This classification covers all unused fully formulated hydraulic fluids in their original form.1.2 This classification establishes categories for the impact of hydraulic fluids on different environmental compartments as shown in Table 1. Fluids are assigned designations within these categories; for example PwL, Pwe, and so forth, based on performance in specified tests.1.3 This classification includes environmental persistence and acute ecotoxicity as aspects of environmental impact. Although environmental persistence is discussed first, this classification does not imply that considerations of environmental persistence should take precedence over concerns for ecotoxicity.1.3.1 Environmental persistence describes long term impact of hydraulic fluids to the environment. Environmental persistence is preferably measured by ultimate biodegradation but can also be measured by other means.1.3.2 Acute toxicity describes the immediate toxic impact of hydraulic fluids to the environment. Acute toxicity is preferably measured by the three trophic levels of aquatic organisms (Algae, Crustacea, and Fish).1.4 Another important aspect of environmental impact is bioaccumulation. This aspect is not addressed in the present classification because adequate test methods do not yet exist to measure bioaccumulation of hydraulic fluids.1.5 The present classification addresses the fresh water and soil environmental compartments. At this time marine and anaerobic environmental compartments are not included, although they are pertinent for many uses of hydraulic fluids. Hydraulic fluids are expected to have no significant impact on the atmosphere; therefore that compartment is not addressed.1.6 This classification addresses releases to the environment which are incidental to the use of a hydraulic fluid. The classification is not intended to address environmental impact in situations of major, accidental release. Nothing in this classification should be taken to relieve the user of the responsibility to properly use and dispose of hydraulic fluids.1.7 This classification does not cover any performance properties of a hydraulic fluid which relate to its performance in a hydraulic system.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This specification covers the standards the material, testing and application requirements for a field molded asphaltic plug joint (APJ) used in expansion joint sealing on asphalt concrete overlay and portland cement concrete decks. This specification is limited only to field molded APJ which can consist of multilayer, or single layer, or both, application systems. The asphaltic binder to be used shall be a thermoplastic polymeric-modified asphalt. The aggregates shall be crushed, washed, and dried. Physical properties of the asphalt such as softening point, tensile adhesion, ductility, resilience, and flexibility shall also be tested and shall conform to other ASTM documents prescribed herein.1.1 This specification covers the material, testing, and application requirements for a field-molded asphaltic plug joint (APJ) used in expansion joint sealing on asphalt concrete overlay and portland cement concrete decks. The scope of this specification is limited to field-molded APJ. This molded element can consist of multilayer or single layer, or both, application systems depending upon individual manufacturing requirements. The details of this specification are limited to the materials used in the application of APJ. It is recommended that a practical means of testing the watertightness aspects of the individual systems, either in the field or at the testing laboratory, be developed. When used on highway bridges, limits on maximum joint movements shall be specifically identified for each type of APJ. APJs should not be used for movement applications exceeding ±25 mm from the installation width.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
This guide identifies the variables to consider when evaluating the performance of repetitive-member wood assemblies for parallel framing systems. This guide discusses general approaches to quantifying an assembly adjustment including limitations of methods and materials when evaluating repetitive-member assembly performance, and does not address the techniques for modeling or testing of such.1.1 This guide identifies variables to consider when evaluating repetitive-member assembly performance for parallel framing systems.1.2 This guide defines terms commonly used to describe interaction mechanisms.1.3 This guide discusses general approaches to quantifying an assembly adjustment including limitations of methods and materials when evaluating repetitive-member assembly performance.1.4 This guide does not detail the techniques for modeling or testing repetitive-member assembly performance.1.5 The analysis and discussion presented in this guideline are based on the assumption that a means exists for distributing applied loads among adjacent, parallel supporting members of the system.1.6 Evaluation of creep effects is beyond the scope of this guide.1.7 This guide does not purport to suggest or establish appropriate safety levels for assemblies, but cautions users that designers often interpret that safety levels for assemblies and full structures should be higher than safety levels for individual structural members.NOTE 1: Methods other than traditional safety factor approaches, such as reliability methods, are increasingly used to estimate the probability of failure of structural elements. However, the extension of these methods to assemblies or to complete structures is still evolving. For example, complete structures will likely exhibit less variability than individual structural elements. Additionally, there is a potential for beneficial changes in failure modes (that is, more ductile failure modes in systems). These considerations are beyond the scope of this guide.1.8 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
This specification establishes the manufacture, property requirements, and testing of several grades of laminated thermosetting materials consisting of two or more plies or layers of reinforcing material such as cellulose paper, cotton fabric, glass fabric, and synthetic fiber fabrics, bonded by a thermosetting synthetic resin. These materials are available in the form of sheets, rolled and molded tubes, and molded rods.1.1 This specification covers laminated thermosetting materials consisting of two or more plies or layers of reinforcing material bonded by a thermosetting synthetic resin. Examples of such reinforcement are cellulose paper, cotton fabric, glass fabric, and synthetic fiber fabrics. These materials are available in the form of sheets, rolled and molded tubes, and molded rods.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard.NOTE 1: This specification resembles IEC 60893-3 in title only. The content is significantly different.1.3 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test methods described in this specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
4.1 Although Test Method D4017 is widely used for the determination of water in paints and related materials, this method may overcome some of the variability found in the Karl Fischer method.4.2 Control of water content is often important in controlling the performance of paints, and it is critical in determining volatile organic compound (VOC) content when VOC content is measured by difference from total volatile matter and water content as required in certain federal and state regulations.1.1 This test method describes the determination of the total water content of paints using a calcium hydride reaction test kit, or water content between 2 and 85 % water.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
4.1 Any residual fatty acid and esters (FA&E) should be present only at very low levels in purified glycerine.4.2 This procedure requires the addition of a measured volume of sodium hydroxide, in excess of the amount actually needed to react with FA&E in the glycerine sample. After boiling, the excess sodium hydroxide is back titrated with standardized hydrochloric acid. The quantity of the substance being titrated is calculated as the difference between the volumes of the sodium hydroxide solution originally added, corrected by means of a blank titration, and that was consumed by the titrant in the back titration.NOTE 1: The standardized solutions for sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid are commercially available.1.1 This test method provides the quantitative determination of the fatty acid and ester content in purified glycerin by the titrimetric method.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautions are listed in Section 8.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
4.1 In the course of patient care, gloves of healthcare providers are often contaminated with microorganisms. This may occur when they come in direct or indirect contact with contaminated skin, oozing wounds, respiratory droplets, blood, amniotic fluid, saliva, or other potentially infectious materials (OPIM). It has been demonstrated that several bacteria known to be nosocomial pathogens, can survive for days, weeks and even months on surfaces that are touched by gloved hands. The presence of an effective antibacterial treatment on or in the glove that can rapidly reduce the number of viable bacteria on its surface, may also decrease the number of bacteria transferred from a contaminated source (reservoir) to a vulnerable patient or naïve site. These test methods enable assessment of bactericidal efficacy against a broad spectrum of bacteria and conditions, providing a means of efficacy comparisons for manufacturers, purchasers and users.4.2 Four specific bacteria are listed to enable inter- and intra- laboratory test calibration and to provide common targets against which to compare antibacterial efficacy among products.4.3 Manufacturers may additionally develop their own list of bacteria against which they will evaluate their products reflecting the circumstances in which their product will be used, the requirements set forth by the various agencies with which they are regulated, and the claims they are seeking. Alterations in test parameters must be validated and documented.1.1 The methods herein specify two analytical tests for quantitatively evaluating surface bactericidal efficacy of medical examination gloves incorporated with bactericidal properties. They may be used for the determination of bactericidal activity on either the outer or inner glove surface. The methods incorporate bacterial challenges in two different formats: Method (A) a saline or buffered saline solution, and Method (B) a saline or buffered saline solution containing an organic load. Each method represents a different means of microbial contamination that can be expected in the healthcare environment.1.2 Methods described herein are not appropriate for virucidal, fungicidal, tuberculocidal or sporicidal evaluations as each of these categories require unique culture techniques and testing conditions. Results of the test methods described in this document are limited to bactericidal efficacy against vegetative bacteria.1.3 A more expansive glove description, such as broad spectrum antimicrobial efficacy, would require testing of a broader list of microbial species than vegetative bacteria alone. It is recommended that interested manufacturers discuss species and strain selections with appropriate regulatory agencies before testing is commenced.1.4 Testing is to be performed by individuals trained in microbiological techniques under appropriate controlled conditions to ensure integrity of results and personnel safety.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Most regulatory agencies require compliance with Biocompatibility guidelines under ISO 10993.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
5.1 In many cases, equipment failure modes are identified by wear debris that is not captured in used lubricating oil samples but captured on chip detectors, filters or by other means. Users of this technique include, but are not limited to, original equipment manufacturers (OEMs), commercial airlines, civil aerospace operators, maintenance repair and overhaul (MRO) facilities, and military maintenance personnel.1.1 This test method describes a means for quantitative determination of wear debris found in in-service lubricants by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). LIBS is an analytical technology that uses short laser pulses to create micro hot-plasma ablation of a material and then employs spectroscopic tools for analysis.21.2 This method covers the means for alloy classification and sizing of wear debris. Wear debris sources can include, but are not limited to: (1) chip collector and chip detector devices, (2) filters, (3) ferrograms, and (4) loose particles. The 23 tested alloys and metals included in the default material library of the instrument are listed in Table 1.1.3 The method for alloy classification and sizing of wear debris is not limited to the list of alloys in Table 1. The instrument has the capability of including additional alloys and metals as required.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
5.1 Although there is little information available concerning the toxicological significance of aluminum in man, the American Water Works Association has established a water quality guideline or goal of a maximum of 0.05 mg/L. Under the National Pollution Discharge Elimination System (NPDES), some permits may set aluminum discharge limits. Some evidence does exist to indicate that low levels (5 mg/L) will interfere with activated sludge processes. For the above reasons monitoring of aluminum may be desirable.5.2 Aluminum is monitored in boiler make-up water, where alum has been used, to determine whether aluminum is present after pretreatment. Residual aluminum may consume ion exchange capacity or consume boiler water treatment chemicals added to stoichiometrically chelate hardness ions (that is, calcium and magnesium) in boiler feed water.5.3 Aluminum is monitored in cooling water make-up, since its presence may result in deactivation of anionic substances in scale or corrosion inhibitor treatment chemicals, or both. Deactivation may result in decreased performance of inhibitors.5.4 ICP-MS may also be appropriate but at a higher instrument cost. See Test Method D5673.1.1 This test method covers the direct flame atomic absorption determination of aluminum in the nitrous oxide-acetylene flame.1.2 This test method is applicable to waters containing dissolved and total recoverable aluminum in the range from 0.5 to 5.0 mg/L. Aluminum concentrations as high as approximately 50 mg/L can be determined using this test method without dilution. However, no precision and bias data are available for concentrations greater than 5.0 mg/L.1.3 This test method was tested on reagent, natural, and potable waters. It is the user's responsibility to ensure the validity of this test method for waters of untested matrices.1.4 The same digestion procedure may be used to determine total recoverable nickel (Test Methods D1886), chromium (Test Methods D1687), cobalt (Test Methods D3558), copper (Test Methods D1688), iron (Test Methods D1068), lead (Test Methods D3559), manganese (Test Methods D858), and zinc (Test Methods D1691).1.5 Precision and bias data have been obtained on reagent, natural, and potable waters. It is the responsibility of the user to ensure the validity of this test method on untested matrices.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversion to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see 7.5, 8.4, and Note 2.1.8 Former Test Methods A (Fluorometric) and B and C (Spectrophotometric) were discontinued. Refer to Appendix X1 for historical information.1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
This specification covers two styles of "Koch" type glass microburets for general laboratory use. Burets shall be made from Type I, Class A or B glass. Both burets shall have permanently attached stopcocks with either glass plugs, or PTFE plugs. Materials shall be tested and the individual grades shall conform to design requirements with the specified values of capacity, scale length, diameter, outflow time, and tolerance.1.1 This specification covers two styles of glass micro-burets of the “Koch” type for general laboratory use.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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