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ASTM C933-23 Standard Specification for Welded Wire Lath Active 发布日期 :  1970-01-01 实施日期 : 

This specification covers welded wire lath, flat or self-furring, with or without backing, designed for use as a base to receive Portland cement-based interior plaster and exterior stucco. Welded wire lath shall be fabricated from cold-drawn, galvanized steel wire, conforming to the referenced specification. The wire shall be zinc-coated and the backling shall be attached to the lath to prevent accidental removal during shipping, handling, or installation. The thickness of the embedment of the lath and plaster shall be measured from the back plane of the back wire, exclusive for furring, to the backing or surface of the substrate.1.1 This specification covers welded wire lath, flat or self-furring, with or without backing, designed for use as a base to receive portland cement-based interior plaster and exterior stucco.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D1755-21 Standard Specification for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) Resins Active 发布日期 :  1970-01-01 实施日期 : 

1.1 This specification covers the establishment of requirements for homopolymers of vinyl chloride in original powder form intended for subsequent mixing and processing in thermoplastic compositions. These resins have a nominal specific gravity of 1.4 and a theoretical chlorine content of 56.8 %.1.2 Two types of resin have been recognized: general purpose (suspension or mass) and dispersion. When mixed with plasticizer, general-purpose resins yield a dry or moist powder while dispersion resins yield a liquid slurry. Since many resins are polymerized to meet special requirements, a system of classification has been provided that permits a wide choice of grades.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.NOTE 1: This standard and ISO 1264 – 1980 address the same subject matter, but differ in technical content.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 These cone penetration tests not only evaluate the consistency of lubricating greases over the full range of NLGI numbers from 000 to 6, but also evaluate the consistency of stiff greases having penetration numbers less than 85. In contrast, Test Method D937 is aimed at petrolatums and Test Method D1403 uses less precise 1/4 and 1/2-scale equipment intended for use when the sample quantity is limited.5.2 Cone penetration test results provide one measure of the consistency of a grease. Worked penetration results are required to determine to which NLGI consistency grade a grease belongs. Undisturbed penetration results provide a means of evaluating the effect of storage conditions on grease consistency.5.3 Although no correlation has been developed between cone penetration results and field service, the cone penetrations obtained by the four procedures are widely used for specification purposes, such as in users' material specifications and suppliers' manufacturing specifications.1.1 These test methods cover four procedures for measuring the consistency of lubricating greases by the penetration of a cone of specified dimensions, mass, and finish. The penetration is measured in tenths of a millimetre.NOTE 1: The National Lubricating Grease Institute (NLGI)3 classified greases according to their consistency as measured by the worked penetration. The classification system is as follows:NLGIConsistency Number Worked Penetration Range,25 °C (77 °F)000 445 to 475 00 400 to 430  0 355 to 385  1 310 to 340  2 265 to 295  3 220 to 250  4 175 to 205  5 130 to 160  6  85 to 1151.1.1 The procedures for unworked, worked, and prolonged worked penetration are applicable to greases having penetrations between 85 and 475, that is, to greases with consistency numbers between NLGI 6 and NLGI 000. An undisturbed penetration test, described in Appendix X1, is similar to the unworked penetration test.1.1.2 The block penetration procedure is applicable to greases that are sufficiently hard to hold their shape. Such greases usually have penetrations below eighty-five tenths of a millimetre.1.1.3 Unworked penetrations do not generally represent the consistency of greases in use as effectively as do worked penetrations. The latter are usually preferred for inspecting lubricating greases.1.2 None of the four procedures is considered suitable for the measurement of the consistency of petrolatums by penetration. Test Method D937 should be used for such products.1.3 The dimensions of the equipment described in these test methods are given in SI units as the primary unit of measure with equivalent imperial units as accetpable alternatives where applicable. In cases where equivalent SI conversions are not known, notes are added for clarification. Temperatures and other dimensions are given in the preferred SI units; the values shown in parentheses are provided for information.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This practice presents the two standard methods for determining the strength values of clear wood of different species in the unseasoned condition, unadjusted for end use, applicable to the establishment of working stresses for different solid wood products such as lumber, laminated wood, plywood, and round timbers. Method A provides for the use of the results of surveys of wood density involving extensive sampling of forest trees, in combination with the data obtained from standard strength tests. The average strength properties are obtained from wood density survey data through linear regression equations establishing the relation of specific gravity to the several strength properties. Method B, on the other hand, provides for the establishment of tables of strength values based on standard tests of small clear specimens in the unseasoned condition for use when data from density surveys are not available. Separate tables are employed to present the data on woods grown in the United States and on woods grown in Canada. Guidelines for the interpretation of the data in terms of assigned values, information basic to the translation of the clear wood values into working stresses, presently available data with appropriate provisions for their application and use, and methods for estimating some useful mechanical properties by relating them to other properties are presented herein as well.1.1 This practice covers the determination of strength values for clear wood of different species in the unseasoned condition, unadjusted for end use, applicable to the establishment of design values for different solid wood products such as lumber, laminated wood, plywood, and round timbers. Presented are:1.1.1 Procedures by which test values obtained on small clear specimens may be combined with density data from extensive forest surveys to make them more representative,1.1.2 Guidelines for the interpretation of the data in terms of assigned values for combinations of species or regional divisions within a species to meet special marketing needs, and1.1.3 Information basic to the translation of the clear wood values into design values for different solid wood products for different end uses.1.1.4 For species where density survey data are not as yet available for the re-evaluation of average strength properties, the presently available data from tests made under the sampling methods and procedures of Test Methods D143 or Practice E105 are provided with appropriate provision for their application and use. Because of the comprehensive manner in which the density survey is undertaken, it follows that the re-evaluated strength data are intended to be representative of the forest stand, or rather large forest subdivisions.1.1.5 Some useful mechanical properties (tensile strengths parallel and perpendicular to grain, modulus of rigidity for a longitudinal-transverse plane, and transverse modulus of elasticity) have not been extensively evaluated. Methods are described for estimating these properties by their relation to other properties.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 In the absence of deflection measurements from actual installed-above-ground piping, this test method may be used to evaluate the influence of span length on mid-span deflections at differing temperatures under full bore flow.NOTE 3: A flat bearing area, small contact area, and narrow bearing width may induce high localized support interaction stresses, and constraints imposed by the supports may also adversely influence deflections and performance of the pipe.1.1 This test method covers measurement of the deflection as a function of time of a specimen of fiberglass pipe supported on a flat non-arced support as a simple beam under full bore flow of water at elevated temperatures. Both glass-fiber-reinforced thermosetting-resin pipe (RTRP) and glass-fiber-reinforced polymer mortar pipe (RPMP) are fiberglass pipes.NOTE 1: For the purposes of this standard, polymer does not include natural polymers.1.2 This test method can be used to determine deflection at varying conditions by substituting other test media.1.3 Deflections observed using this test method are representative only of piping supported as a simple beam under full bore flow which has one diameter of pipe overhanging at each support.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information purposes only.NOTE 2: There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This classification system covers melt processible molding, extrusion, and coating materials of ethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene (E-CTFE) fluoroplastics. The resin is a copolymer of ethylene and chlorotrifluoroethylene. The classification of ECTFE materials into groups in accordance with their physical appearance, and further into classes based on melt flow rate, is provided. The test specimens shall be subjected to tests to determine their melt flow rate, melting endotherm peak, specific gravity, tensile property, dielectric constant and dissipation factor, and oxygen index.1.1 This classification system covers melt processible molding, extrusion, and coating materials of ethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene (E-CTFE) fluoroplastics. The resin is a copolymer of ethylene and chlorotrifluoroethylene containing approximately 80 weight % of chlorotrifluoroethylene.1.2 The values stated in SI units, as detailed in IEEE/ASTM SI-10, are to be regarded as standard.1.3 The following precautionary statement pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 11 of this classification system. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.NOTE 1: Although this classification system and ISO 20568-1 and ISO 20568-2 differ in approach or detail, data obtained using either are technically equivalent.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Most analytical methods used in air pollutant measurements are comparative in nature and require calibration or standardization, or both, often with known blends of the gas of interest. Since many of the important air pollutants are reactive and unstable, it is difficult to store them as standard mixtures of known concentration for extended calibration purposes. An alternative is to prepare dynamically standard blends as required. This procedure is simplified if a constant source of the gas of interest can be provided. Permeation tubes provide this constant source, if properly calibrated and if maintained at constant temperature. Permeation tubes have been specified as reference calibration sources, for certain analytical procedures, by the Environmental Protection Agency (3).1.1 This practice describes a means for using permeation tubes for dynamically calibrating instruments, analyzers, and analytical procedures used in measuring concentrations of gases or vapors in atmospheres (1, 2).21.2 Typical materials that may be sealed in permeation tubes include: sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, chlorine, ammonia, propane, and butane (1).1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This specification establishes requirements for the material properties, including dimensional stability, weatherability, and extrusion quality, of rigid poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) exterior profile extrusions used for assembled windows and doors. Methods for testing and for identifying exterior profile extrusions that comply with this specification are also provided. The physical and performance requirements of PVC are presented in details. The dimensional stability and impact strength shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed.1.1 This specification establishes requirements for the material properties, including dimensional stability, weatherability, and extrusion quality, of rigid poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) exterior profile extrusions used for assembled windows and doors. Methods for testing and for identifying exterior profile extrusions that comply with this specification are also provided.1.2 The use of rigid PVC recycled plastic in this product shall be in accordance with the requirements in Section 6.NOTE 1: Information with regard to application, assembly, and installation should be obtained from the manufacturers of the profiles and of the windows and doors.NOTE 2: Refer to Specification D3678 for interior profile extrusions.1.3 Color-hold guidelines are provided in an appendix for the manufacturer’s product development and quality performance use.1.4 Color-hold guidelines are presently limited to white, grey, beige, light brown, and dark brown (see Figs. X1.1 through X1.5). Additional colors will be added as color guidelines are developed.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.NOTE 3: There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.1.6 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes, which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of this standard.1.7 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 11, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 Although many laboratories are presently isolating viruses from sludge, a valid comparison of data generated has not been possible because of the lack of a standard test method(s).1.1 This practice is used for the recovery of viruses from wastewater sludges and favors the enteroviruses.1.2 Both procedures are applicable to raw, digested, and dewatered sludges.  Sections   Procedure A—Adsorption  7 to 10Procedure B—Sonication 11 to 151.3 This practice was tested on standardized sludges as described in 10.1. It is the user's responsibility to ensure the validity of this practice for untested matrices.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 Only adequately trained personnel should be allowed to perform these procedures and should use safety precautions recommended by the U.S. Public Health Service, Center for Disease Control,2 for work with potentially hazardous biological organisms.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This specification covers the three grades of 1,1,2- trichloro 1,2,2 trifluoroethane typically needed in various industries. This may be a reference for 1,1,2-trichloro 1,2,2- trifluoroethane recovery programs. The three classifications are as follows: Type I - generally recognized for use in precision applications; Type II - used for less demanding precision applications; and Type III - general-purpose technical grade. Materials shall be tested and the individual grades shall conform to specified values of specific gravity, chloride content, acid number, non-volatile residue content, water content, 1,1,2-trichloro 1,2,2- trifluoroethane content, 1,1,1- trichloroethane content, color, and appearance.1.1 This specification covers the three grades of 1,1,2-trichloro 1,2,2-trifluoroethane2 typically needed in various industries. It may be used as a reference document by purchasers or by persons establishing in-house, 1,1,2-trichloro 1,2,2-trifluoroethane recovery programs.1.2 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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