17704692435
5.1 This test method provides a means of evaluating acoustic emissions generated by the rapid release of energy from localized sources within an APD under controlled loading. The resultant energy releases occur during intentional application of a controlled predetermined load. These energy releases can be monitored and interpreted by qualified individuals.5.2 This test method permits testing of the major components of an aerial device under controlled loading. This test method utilizes objective criteria for evaluation and may be discontinued at any time to investigate a particular area of concern or prevent a fault from continuing to ultimate failure.5.3 This test method provides a means of detecting acoustic emissions that may be defects or irregularities, or both, affecting the structural integrity or intended use of the aerial device.5.4 Sources of acoustic emission found with this test method shall be evaluated by either more refined acoustic emission test methods or other nondestructive techniques (visual, liquid penetrant, radiography, ultrasonics, magnetic particle, etc.). Other nondestructive tests may be required to locate defects present in APDs.5.5 Defective areas found in aerial devices by this test method should be repaired and retested as appropriate. Repair procedure recommendations are outside the scope of this test method.1.1 This test method describes a procedure for acoustic emission (AE) testing of aerial personnel devices (APDs) with supplemental load handling attachments.1.1.1 Equipment Covered—This test method covers the following types of vehicle-mounted aerial personnel devices with supplemental load handling attachments:1.1.1.1 Extensible-boom APDs,1.1.1.2 Articulating-boom APDs, and1.1.1.3 Any combination of 1.1.1.1 and 1.1.1.2.1.1.2 Equipment Not Covered—This test method does not cover any of the following equipment:1.1.2.1 Aerial personnel devices without supplemental load handling attachments,1.1.2.2 Digger-derricks with platform,1.1.2.3 Cranes with platform, and1.1.2.4 Aerial devices with load-lifting capabilities located anywhere other than adjacent to the platform.NOTE 1: This test method is not intended to be a stand-alone NDT method for the verification of the structural integrity of an aerial device. Other NDT methods should be used to supplement the results.1.2 The AE test method is used to detect and area-locate emission sources. Verification of emission sources may require the use of other nondestructive test (NDT) methods, such as radiography, ultrasonics, magnetic particle, liquid penetrant, and visual inspection. (Warning—This test method requires that external loads be applied to the superstructure of the vehicle under test. During the test, caution must be taken to safeguard personnel and equipment against unexpected failure or instability of the vehicle or components.)1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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5.1 Squeeze-off is widely used to temporarily control the flow of gas in PE pipe. Squeeze tools vary depending on the size of the pipe and the design of the tool. Squeeze-off procedures vary depending on the tool design, pipe material, and environmental conditions.5.2 Experience indicates that some combinations of polyethylene material, temperature, tool design, wall compression percentage and procedure can cause damage leading to failure.5.3 Studies of polyethylene pipe extruded in the late 1980s and thereafter show that damage typically does not develop when the wall compression percentage is 30 % or less, when temperatures are above 50 °F (10 °C), and when closure and release rates are typical of field conditions for screw-driven tools.4 With tools meeting Specification F1563, acceptable flow control at typical gas service pressures is achieved at wall compression percentages between 10 and 20 % for pipe diameters less than 6 in.4,5 Because damage does not develop in these materials at such squeeze levels, the references cited indicate that squeeze-off flow control practices using tools meeting Specification F1563 and qualified procedures meeting Practice F1041 are effective for smaller pipe sizes.4 ,5NOTE 3: Specification F1563 provides a procedure for evaluating tool flow control performance.5.4 This practice provides a method to qualify a combination of squeeze tool, pipe size and material, and squeeze-off procedure to ensure that long-term damage does not occur. This practice is useful for polyethylene gas pipe manufactured before 1975, for new or revised polyolefin gas pipe materials, for pipe diameters of 8 in. or above, for new or revised squeeze tool designs, and for new or revised squeeze-off procedures.1.1 This practice covers qualifying a combination of a squeeze tool, a polyethylene gas pipe, and a squeeze-off procedure to avoid long-term damage in polyethylene gas pipe. Qualifying is conducted by examining the inside and outside surfaces of pipe specimens at and near the squeeze to determine the existence of features indicative of long-term damage. If indicative features are absent, sustained pressure testing in accordance with Specification D2513 is conducted to confirm the viability of the squeeze-off process. For assistance with specimen examination, an Adjunct, ADJF17342, is available from ASTM.1.2 This practice is appropriate for any combination of squeeze tool, PE gas pipe and squeeze-off procedure, and is particularly appropriate for pre-1975 Polyethylene (PE) pipe, and for pipe sizes of 8 in. or above, because of a greater possibility of long-term damage.1.3 This practice is for use by squeeze-tool manufacturers, pipe manufacturers and gas utilities to qualify squeeze tools made in accordance with Specification F1563; and squeeze-off procedures in accordance with Guide F1041 with pipe manufactured in accordance with Specification D2513.1.4 Governing codes and project specifications should be consulted. Nothing in this practice should be construed as recommending practices or systems at variance with governing codes and project specifications.1.5 Where applicable in this guide, “pipe” shall mean “pipe and tubing.”1.6 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
5.1 This test method is of particular use as a quality control tool for a molding or synthesis operation. Acetaldehyde is a volatile degradation product generated during melt processing of PET. Thus, it becomes trapped in the sidewalls of a molded article and desorbs slowly into the contents packaged therein. In some foods and beverages AA can impart an off-taste that is undesirable, thus, it is important to know its concentration in PET articles that are to be used in food contact applications.5.2 The desorption conditions of 150 °C for 60 min are such that no measurable AA is generated by the sample during the desorption process.1.1 This test method covers a gas chromatographic procedure for the determination of the ppm residual acetaldehyde (AA) present in poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) homo-polymers and co-polymers which are used in the manufacture of beverage bottles. This includes sample types of both amorphous and solid-stated pellet and preform samples, as opposed to the bottle test, Test Method D4509, an acetaldehyde test requiring 24 h of desorption time at 23 °C into the bottle headspace and then the concentration of the headspace quantified by a similar GC method.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
5.1 This practice is intended to assist engineers and sewer owner/operators in determining the suitability of sewers for a secondary use as hosts for optical fiber cables and conduits. It must be kept in mind that the primary use of the sewers is to carry wastewater or storm water, or both. Any secondary use of the system shall not significantly impair the primary use. It is up to the engineer to decide upon any exceptions that may be involved in the selection process.5.2 Before the selection procedure begins, the installer must have explicit authorization from the owner/operator allowing an evaluation to be conducted for the installation of optical fiber cables or conduits within their sewer system.5.3 Engineers and owners should also be cognizant of how the installation of optical fiber cable or conduits will impact the future operational, maintenance, and rehabilitation needs of the sewers.1.1 This practice specifically addresses the criteria for determining the suitability of gravity sewers for secondary uses such as the installation of optical fiber systems.1.1.1 This practice applies to the process of selecting gravity sewers that are appropriate for accepting an optical fiber system as opposed to standards for the installation, operation and maintenance of such system within sewers.1.2 This practice applies to both man accessible and man inaccessible sewer systems.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
4.1 This test method is designed to impart tensile impact energy to a butt fused plastic pipe specimen, record the energy to fail the specimen and plot the load over time curve of the tensile test. Energy recorded at yield and rupture and the rupture mode (brittle or ductile) are used as criteria in the evaluation of the butt fusion joint. The evaluation of the force/time curve not only makes it possible to compare different butt fusion parameters but also to evaluate the rupture mode of the specimen to determine joint integrity. Each coupon's test results will usually be compared to test results for coupons machined from the base pipe material, un-fused.4.1.1 These data are also useful for qualitative characterization and for research and development. For many materials, there may be a specification that requires the use of this test method, but with some procedural modifications that take precedence when adhering to the specification. Therefore, it is advisable to refer to that material specification before using this test method.4.2 Tensile properties may vary with specimen preparation and with speed and environment of testing. Consequently, where precise comparative results are desired, these factors must be carefully controlled.4.2.1 It is realized that a material cannot be tested without also testing the method of preparation of that material. Hence, when comparative tests of materials per se are desired, the greatest care must be exercised to ensure that all specimens are prepared in exactly the same way, unless the test is to include the effects of specimen preparation. While care must be taken to secure the maximum degree of uniformity in details of preparation, treatment, and handling, the exact dimensions of the test specimens are entered into the Data Acquisition System (DAS) before initiating the test.1.1 This is a tensile impact test method that develops enough tensile impact energy at specific rates of strain to rupture standard tensile impact specimens of butt fused plastic pipe. It is used to determine the quality of PE butt fusion joints made in the field or in qualification testing. It can also be used to determine the optimum butt fusion joining parameters of PE materials.1.2 This test method is applicable for testing pipe specimens with a diameter 2.37 in. (60.3 mm) and larger with a wall thickness from 0.25 in. (6.3 mm) and larger.NOTE 1: This test method is similar to ISO 13953.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.4 This test method may be used alone or together with other test methods, to evaluate the quality of the butt fused joints. When this test, conducted at laboratory temperatures per 9.2, is combined with the elevated temperature, sustained pressure test in Specification D3035, both the short term and long term strength of the PE butt fusion joint will be verified.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
This specification establishes the requirements for 0.070 in. wall thickness crosslinked polyethylene (PEX) tubing that is outside diameter controlled, and intended for non-potable radiant heating applications for pressures up to 75 psig. It covers requirements and test methods for material, workmanship, dimensions, burst pressure, hydrostatic sustained pressure, bent-tube hydrostatic pressure, environmental stress cracking, stabilizer functionality, excessive temperature and degree of crosslinking, as well as requirements for tubing markings.1.1 This specification covers 0.070 in. wall thickness crosslinked polyethylene (PEX) tubing that is outside diameter controlled, and intended for non-potable radiant heating applications for pressures up to 75 psig in sizes 5/8 NTS (nominal tubing size) and 7/8 NTS. This specification also includes fittings that are specifically designed for this 0.070 in.-wall PEX tubing. Only maximum 75-psig relief valves shall be used with this tubing. Included in this specification are requirements and test methods for material, workmanship, dimensions, burst pressure, hydrostatic sustained pressure, environmental stress cracking, stabilizer functionality, bent-tube hydrostatic pressure, excessive temperature and degree of crosslinking. Requirements for tubing markings are also given. This specification incorporates an optional middle or outer oxygen barrier layer. This tubing is not intended for field bending at temperatures above 120 ºF (49 ºC).1.2 The text of this specification references notes, footnotes, and appendixes, which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the specification.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.4 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 7, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
4.1 This guide is designed to assist medical device manufacturers as they develop new devices or qualify existing devices (e.g., catheters, needles) for delivering clinical cell therapies. Cytocompatibility considers the impact of the delivery device on the cells passing through the device during the delivery procedure. The biological safety of the device (e.g., the device’s cytotoxicity) should be addressed via other methods, such as ISO 10993-5. It is understood that this guide does not address testing of specific cellular products with specific delivery devices. Such testing may be required by regulatory authorities prior to clinical trial of cellular product or marketing applications. This guide outlines considerations to make the product qualification procedures more likely to succeed and more cost effective.4.2 The key aspects of assessing device cytocompatibility include selecting a test cell line or cell lines and determining the cell physiology parameters that will be measured to make a determination of cytocompatibility. Acceptance criteria for designating a device as cytocompatible are not detailed here. It will be up to the delivery device end user to determine if the results of a cytocompatibility assessment are sufficient to consider that device cytocompatible. Delivery device lot to lot variability may impact cytocompatibility, therefore validated manufacturing processes should be considered when producing devices for cytocompatibility assessments.1.1 This guide outlines the parameters to consider when designing in vitro tests to assess the potential impact of a delivery device on a cellular product being dispensed. This guide does not provide specific protocols, but rather suggests what should be considered the minimum characterization necessary to assess device cytocompatibility. Topics discussed include selecting an appropriate cell line(s), cell physiology parameters to measure, and relevant test procedure variables. Only cells suspended in liquid and infused through a device are considered. Cell therapies paired with scaffolds, suspended in hydrogels, or administered via other methods (e.g., tissue grafting) are not included in the scope of this document. This document does not address physical characterization of delivery devices, such as mechanics, composition, or degradation.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
5.1 This practice serves the purpose of measuring snow sports freestyle terrain jump features and may be used as a method for recreating jumps in the field or two-dimensional jump profiles of existing jumps.1.1 This practice is intended to standardize field measurements of existing snow sport freestyle terrain park jumps. It does not cover other types of terrain park features or asymmetric jumps.1.2 This practice is for measuring jumps that are used in public access snow sport freestyle terrain parks discussed in Terminology F3237.1.3 For features with multiple takeoffs, each takeoff should be considered as an independent jump and measured according to this practice.1.4 The depictions and terrain features used in this standard are intended to aid understanding the definitions and methods and are not intended to depict or describe how any particular terrain park jump or its component features should be designed, built or maintained. Some terrain park features may use components that are not depicted or described in this standard, or they may use different configurations or combinations of components, or they may not incorporate all of the components depicted or defined in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with the use of snow sport terrain park features. Snow sports and the use of terrain park features involve inherent risks, and a terrain park feature that complies with all applicable standards or guidelines cannot eliminate all risks associated with terrain park features. Therefore, it is to be clearly understood that compliance with these applicable standards or guidelines in no way guarantees that injury can be prevented.1.6 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
3.1 This terminology is not intended to supersede the requirements of similar definitions in certain other documents, but is intended to provide a listing of terms that are in current widespread usage, and their context in relation to weathering.1.1 This terminology standard covers terms that relate to the durability testing of Nonmetallic Materials using natural and artificial weathering exposure techniques.1.2 It is the intent of this terminology standard to include those weathering terms in wide use in ASTM for which standard definitions appear desirable.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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